This study “Charging Indonesia’s vehicle transition: Infrastructure needs for electric passenger cars in 2030” by  International Council On Clean Transportation analyses Indonesia’s unique charging infrastructure needs by exploring two categories of charging stations, private and public. Private chargers are home chargers in single and multi-family dwellings and depot chargers that serve EV fleets (e.g., ride-hailing service vehicles) in centralised locations. Investment costs for private chargers are borne by individuals or companies.

Public chargers are mostly accessible to the general public, but potentially come with some access restrictions. In this study, public destinations include, but are not limited to, shopping malls, restaurants, hotels, coffee shops, gas stations, office buildings, and airports; there are also public en-route locations, including along toll roads and national roads. In some cases, such as en-route charging, investment costs for public chargers are borne by the government; in other cases, private companies that sell the electricity for EVs bear the investment costs.

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