There has been a significant uptake of solar PV technology to meet the requirement of clean energy generation. However, the constant variation in the sun’s position relative to the Earth results in substantial energy loss. Therefore, it has become crucial to maximise solar energy output by changing the position of solar panels, enabling them to capture the greatest amount of solar radiation. The ideal angle for these solar devices is achieved when sunlight is perpendicular to their surfaces. Upgrading solar devices with a solar-tracking system that adjusts to the changing positions of the sun throughout the day helps in enhancing the energy yield.
Larger solar modules with larger cells are also gaining traction in the market. These solar modules require more advanced tracking solutions. Sturdier and more flexible solar trackers capable of handling heavy solar modules can help harness the maximum amount of solar energy. Solar tracker technologies are also being enhanced to the requirement of parts per module, aiming to reduce costs and improve installation efficiency. The new variety of solar trackers can also adapt to bifacial modules to ensure a high energy yield.
Technological advancements in solar trackers
Tracking systems are designed to move either manually or automatically depending on the sun’s position. There are two types of manual tracking systems based on the degree of freedom they offer – single axis and dual axis.
Single axis trackers track the sun’s movement from east to west, rotating on a single point. They can move in unison, by panel row, or by section. Dual axis trackers rotate on both the X and Y axes, allowing panels to directly track the sun. While single axis trackers collect lesser energy per unit compared to dual axis trackers, they have shorter racking heights. As a result, they require less installation space and are easier to operate and maintain. Single axis trackers can be further classified as centralised and decentralised. Centralised trackers use a single motor to power a driveline between rows, facilitating the movement of an entire segment of panels. In contrast, decentralised systems have one motor per tracking row, and in some cases, trackers with motors are present in each set.
Dual axis solar trackers surpass single axis trackers in terms of accuracy in following the sun’s path and can yield up to 14 per cent more power generation. However, the associated land and balance of system costs are higher, especially since these structures need to be spaced farther apart for the same number of panels compared to a single axis set-up. The structural cost of dual axis trackers is also approximately three to four times higher. Additionally, dual axis trackers require individual-level robotic cleaning, contributing to their overall high cost and limited popularity in the market.
Key cost-benefit analysis and ROI considerations
Assessing the viability of a solar tracking system involves a thorough examination of various factors that contribute to the cost-benefit analysis and the return on investment (ROI). First, initial costs must be carefully considered, comparing fixed-tilt systems with tracking systems and accounting for additional expenses related to foundation, installation, and ongoing maintenance. Tracking systems, due to their intricate designs and moving parts, typically incur higher initial expenses. Another critical consideration is the expected increase in energy output. This involves comparing the tracking system’s anticipated energy yield to that of a fixed-tilt system, taking into account the specific solar irradiation at the site and the tracking system’s efficiency in capturing sunlight throughout the day.
Ongoing maintenance expenses are a key factor, as moving parts in tracking systems may require more frequent maintenance compared to the relatively simpler fixed-tilt systems. This consideration is crucial for evaluating the overall reliability and long-term costs associated with the solar tracking system. The lifespan of the system and the warranty offered by the manufacturer also play a significant role. Longer warranties can instil greater confidence in the investment, providing assurance regarding the tracking system’s durability and performance over time.
Additionally, it is crucial to explore financing options in order to ease upfront costs and enhance the overall ROI of the solar energy project. Lastly, a detailed ROI analysis is essential. This involves a comprehensive evaluation of the system’s cost, anticipated energy savings, potential earnings from excess energy production through net metering, and any applicable incentives or rebates. A shorter return period indicates a more financially lucrative investment.
In conclusion, selecting a solar tracking system requires a meticulous assessment of site conditions, technology, local incentives, and a diligent cost-benefit analysis. This comprehensive approach will ensure the implementation of the most efficient and financially viable solution for a solar energy project.
Challenges and solutions
The following section briefly explores the key operational challenges that emerge while using solar tracker technologies and outlines the necessary solutions for these challenges, as shared by Arka 360, a solar design company.
- Mechanical wear and tear: The persistent motion of tracking systems poses a challenge in terms of wear and tear on mechanical components like bearings, gears, and motors. To address this, regular inspections, lubrication, and timely replacement of worn-out parts are essential. Employing high-quality, durable materials in the construction of tracking systems can mitigate these issues. Additionally, accounting for redundancy in critical components can enhance the resilience and longevity of the tracking systems.
- Sensor calibration: Maintaining accurate solar tracking depends on precise sensor data, but sensors may drift or become misaligned over time, impacting system performance. To address this, regular calibration and alignment checks are essential. Implementing redundant sensor arrays enhances accuracy and fault tolerance.
- Weather-related challenges: Adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds, hail, and extreme temperatures, pose challenges to tracking systems, potentially causing damage and reducing efficiency. The solution involves designing robust tracking systems capable of withstanding harsh weather. Additionally, implementing safety features on stow trackers during severe weather events and conducting regular maintenance and inspections contribute to overcoming these challenges.
- Dust and debris accumulation: Dust and debris accumulation on solar panels and sensors pose challenges by obstructing sunlight and reducing tracking accuracy. The solution involves implementing regular cleaning and maintenance practices for solar panels and sensors. Additionally, exploring automated cleaning systems or applying self-cleaning coatings to panels can be effective preventive measures.
- Power supply issues: Power supply interruptions pose a challenge to tracking systems, impacting their operation and energy production. A solution involves incorporating backup power sources, such as batteries or generators, to ensure uninterrupted operation. Regular monitoring helps identify and address power supply issues promptly.
- Software and control system errors: Challenges such as software and control system errors can result in inaccurate tracking and decreased energy output. To address this, it is essential to conduct regular software updates and maintenance. Additionally, incorporating redundancy and error-checking mechanisms into the control system is an effective solution.
The way forward
The trajectory of solar tracking solutions is poised for continued growth. Advancements in materials, sensors, and control systems will reduce costs and enhance the reliability of these systems. Moreover, as the demand for solar energy escalates, innovations in storage technologies and grid integration will complement solar tracking in providing consistent and reliable power.
Further, solar trackers may not be universally suitable for all solar panel installations, necessitating careful consideration of factors such as climate, space availability, and shading before opting for solar tracking systems. These devices prove most effective in locations with limited space and high energy demands, making commercial buildings particularly well-suited for their installation. Given that solar tracking represents a substantial capital investment, it becomes imperative to factor in the project’s overall cost. It is noteworthy that certain solar financing institutions view solar tracking as a high-risk investment, potentially impacting loan approvals. Hence, a comprehensive evaluation of these factors is crucial when considering the implementation of solar tracking systems, especially in commercial and industrial applications.
In conclusion, the adoption of solar tracking solutions is a significant step towards unlocking the full potential of solar energy. With advancements in technology, a supportive policy framework, and a growing commitment to sustainability, these solutions are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the energy landscape.
