The ICCT’s market spotlight “Zero-Emission Bus and Truck Market In The United States (January–December 2025)” highlights:

A total of 460,299 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs) were registered in 2025 in the United States, of which 2,375 (0.52%) were zero-emission. Total registrations contracted by 7.6% compared with 2024, and zero-emission registrations had a sharper decline of 15.5%. The annual zero-emission registration share slipped from 0.56% in 2024 to 0.52% in 2025, ending the upward trend observed in recent years. 

The decline was not uniform across segments: the medium-duty truck (MDT) segment saw a 61.7% surge in zero-emission registrations year-on-year, while the bus and heavy-duty truck (HDT) segments declined by 32.8% and 20.7%, respectively. The total number of MHDV registrations in Q4 2025 was 102,880, and 586 (0.57%) were zero emission. The overall MHDV market had 14.3% fewer total registrations compared with Q4 2024, and zero-emission registrations decreased by 23.3% year-on-year.

California had the highest number of new zero-emission MHDV registrations in 2025 (875), followed by Texas (152), New York (119), Pennsylvania (112), and New Jersey (103). California also had the highest share of zero-emission MHDV registrations (4.30%), followed by New Mexico (1.52%), Washington (1.08%), Kansas (1.03%), and Virginia (1.03%). Overall, the 11 states that have adopted California’s Advanced Clean Trucks (ACT) regulation registered 1,365 out of 2,375 (57.5%) total zero-emission MHDV registrations in 2025. In these states, 1.80% of MHDV registrations were zero emission, higher than the average of 0.26% in non-ACT states and the national average of 0.52%.

In 2025, buses accounted for 37.5% of new zero-emission MHDV registrations (897), MDTs for 26.1% (603), and HDTs for 36.4% (875). While registrations of MDTs overtook those of buses for the first time in Q4 2025, annual totals show that buses and HDTs remained roughly equal as the two largest zero-emission segments. In terms of market penetration, zero-emission vehicles accounted for 4.4% of new bus registrations in 2025, 0.33% of new MDT registrations, and 0.34% of HDT new registrations.

Access the brief here