Total U.S. electricity demand will increase 21% by 2030 and 39% by 2035 from 2026 levels. But the real story is regional. Electricity demand is rising in every region of the U.S., but not at the same pace. Regions with the strongest data center activity, industrial expansion, and electrification are expected to see the greatest increases in both total electricity demand and peak demand through 2035.
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PlanClima SP is the climate action plan for the city of São Paulo and the main instrument for coordinating mitigation and adaptation actions across several policy areas, including transport, land use, energy, waste, and climate risk management. Its first version was released in 2021 and established a regular review cycle, with updates expected at least once per new municipal administration.
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While policy changes have slowed the US energy transition, progress continues in several areas, with solar and batteries proving particularly resilient. According to the inaugural US energy transition leaderboard used in the analysis, Washington, Arizona, California, Illinois, and Oregon are leading the way to a low-carbon future. Republican states occupy 13 out of the top 20 positions, suggesting that economics is a far bigger driving force overall than politics. The clean energy transition is helping to improve grid reliability and temper price volatility, especially during extreme weather events.
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Electric utilities and their regulators around the country are working to identify grid infrastructure needs and implement upgrades in time to meet customer electrification demand. Most utilities are working within existing regulatory processes, while some utilities are working to determine new procedures capable of meeting accelerated electrification timelines. With the Proactive Planning proceeding, New York joins California as an early mover in formalizing a process to support electric grid planning. California similarly has several ongoing rulemaking proceedings tasked with preparing the electric grid for an increase in energy demands, including those specific to transportation electrification.
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The paper examines how the vertical integration of climate change adaptation can be strengthened, using Indonesia, Brazil and India as comparative case studies. The paper provides empirical evidence on common barriers, highlights opportunities and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, planners and development partners on how coordination across governmental levels can be enhanced. The paper highlights how large, decentralised countries such as Indonesia, Brazil and India must overcome fragmented adaptation governance and ensure vertical policy coherence across all governmental levels to facilitate more robust and effective climate adaptation actions.
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The report presents a snapshot of the current landscape to support Chile’s transition toward energy security and sovereignty by shifting away from fossil fuels. Renewable energy has not replaced fossil fuels; it has grown alongside them. Despite having an electricity system that is more than 60 per cent renewable, Chile consumed 29 per cent more energy from fossil fuels in 2024 than it did in 2000. The energy system is not defossilising; it is redistributing its dependence across different fossil fuel sources. Today, Chile has neither a fossil fuel phase out strategy nor a reduction plan in its dependence on fossil fuels; instead, fossil fuel use has shifted across sectors.
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The report finds that all seven grid operators have made progress over the past 18 months by adopting cluster studies, strengthening project readiness requirements, introducing automation and implementing reforms under FERC Order No. 2023 (Order 2023), which applies to all regions except Electric Reliability Council of Texas. Southwest Power Pool and the California Independent System Operator showed the strongest progress, while the Midcontinent Independent System Operator made incomplete progress. ERCOT made incremental progress, whereas PJM Interconnection, ISO-New England and the New York Independent System Operator made expected progress. The report notes that gating policies are improving queue quality by advancing more viable projects, although their overall effectiveness remains uncertain.
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The report assesses how much the current policy environment preserves the benefits of the prior policy environment, situates those modeled results within the real-world forces shaping delivery, and draws out what the findings imply for future policy priorities and public spending. The report further uses Energy Innovation’s Energy Policy Simulator to compare two modeled scenarios of the US power sector: a current scenario defined by the OBBBA without the Biden-era Environmental Protection Agency regulations and a prior trajectory defined by the IRA with those regulations intact. The analysis focuses on the 2025-2035 window, when the gap between the scenarios grows fastest and today’s policy decisions can most directly shape the outcome.
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The report examines that the US’ energy policy framework has shifted dramatically during the second Trump administration and 119th Congress. The report uses the Energy Policy Simulator (EPS) to model federal policy decisions made since January 2025 to determine what the near future holds for families and businesses in terms of energy costs, public health, job losses, and grid reliability. The report further analyses effects of policy changes on energy prices, the economy, air pollution, and healthcare spending from 2026 to 2040. The analysis highlights that households will pay an additional $650 billion for energy – an average of $460 per household in 2035 and $490 in 2040, cutting policies that drive innovation and efficiency in the transportation sector will inflate gasoline prices 14 percent in 2035 and 26 percent in 2040.
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The report “Alternatives to New England’s Energy Affordability Crisis” published by Always on Energy Research demonstrates how a focus on deploying reliable nuclear and natural gas power plants could yield hundreds of billions of dollars in savings for New England electricity customers compared to the grid outlined in the Renewable scenario stated in their previous report. The report suggests that decarbonizing New England’s economy will not be easy or affordable. Each of the four scenarios studied will have significant inflationary impacts on electricity costs in the ISO-NE region, harming families and businesses in the region by causing their power bills to rise.
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Numerous countries have developed critical minerals lists. These lists greatly overlap but are rarely identical because vulnerabilities and demand are unique to each country’s geology, capacity, and requirements. The United States 2025 List of Critical Minerals, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, includes sixty minerals, up from fifty in 2022. Unlike many other countries, the United States does not group heavy and light rare earth elements (REEs) or Platinum Group metals, resulting in larger lists.
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Developers canceled more than 8 GW of planned clean power projects in the first quarter 2026 alone, including 4.7 GW of solar projects, bringing total cancellations since the start of 2025 to more than 21 GW nationwide. Developers announced 693 GW of clean power projects nationwide, including projects that are operating, planned and under construction. Planned investment in clean power projects is estimated to reach $377 billion through 2031. An additional 222 GW of clean power projects remain planned or under construction nationwide, with solar and battery storage accounting for 85 per cent of that pipeline. Texas continues to lead the nation in clean power development, with nearly twice as many announced clean power projects as California.
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US electricity demand in the forecast rises 1.3% in 2026, averaging almost 4,250 billion kilowatthours and growing another 3.1% in 2027. Electricity demand growth is led by growth in the commercial sector, which is expected to outpace residential demand in 2027 for the first time on record. Industrial demand is also increasing, although at a slower pace. Residential electricity prices are expected to increase by 5% in 2026 and to continue to rise in 2027, although at a slower pace. The forecast for utility-scale solar generation in 2026 is 1.4% higher than in the previous outlook
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Temperatures remained well above average, with 2025 ranking among the fifth to eighth warmest years on record across Latin America and the Caribbean, at around +0.40 °C above 1991–2020 levels. Andean glaciers are losing mass at an accelerating rate with implications for long-term water security in the region. Sea levels are rising faster than the global average along the northern Atlantic coast of South America and across Central America and the Caribbean. As extreme heat events intensify, reducing avoidable mortality will depend on strengthening climate–health cooperation, improving mortality attribution and embedding climate intelligence into health planning and emergency preparedness across the region.
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Zero-emission heavy-duty vehicle sales in Brazil reached 1,265 units in 2025, a 48% increase compared with 2024 and the highest level since data began to be collected. Growth, however, was uneven across segments. Zero-emission trucks accounted for just 0.4% of total truck sales. Light and medium trucks (3.5-15 tonnes)-which are mainly used in urban logistics and are less dependent on public charging infrastructure-achieved a 1.7% market share. By contrast, although heavy trucks (15+ tonnes) represented the largest share of HDV sales, with more than 85,000 units sold, their ZEV penetration remained limited at 0.06%.
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Grid-enhancing technologies are playing a critical role in modernising the US power system by improving transmission efficiency, increasing grid reliability, and enabling greater integration of renewable energy resources. The report highlights the need to modernise and optimise the US electricity transmission network amid rising power demand, ageing infrastructure, growing renewable energy integration, and increasing grid congestion. Power grid enhancement solutions can unlock substantial additional transmission capacity from existing infrastructure, often at a fraction of the cost of building new infrastructure and in months rather than years.
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The paper evaluates the number, type, and distribution of EV chargers needed to achieve Colorado’s goal of 940,000 electric vehicles (EVs) on its roads by 2030 and 2.1 million by 2035. It was found that the number of non-home Level 2 chargers will need to increase to more than 35,000 by 2030, while non-home DC fast chargers will need to increase to around 2,900 by the same year. By 2035, approximately 55,000 non-home Level 2 and about 4,200 DC fast chargers will be needed to support the growing EV fleet.
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Canada is well positioned to capture up to $200 billion in clean energy investment over the next decade, but realizing that opportunity will require improvements to the systems that move projects from approval to construction. The country has strong wind and solar resources, a stable policy environment, deep capital markets and a growing slate of projects already in development. Canada has the fundamentals to compete for that capital, but the work required to do so is substantial and time-sensitive.
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This working paper presents an analysis of ECs’ design for climate resilience, grounded in a conceptual framework that examines the interrelationships among energy, water, and food. This analysis identifies and proposes pathways to enhance the long-term sustainability of community energy initiatives and guides their design through a multidimensional, comprehensive analysis that goes beyond energy alone.
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Solar PV, the largest single source of growth, met more than 25% of higher demand, followed by natural gas, which contributed 17%. This was the first time on record that a modern renewable source contributed the largest share of global energy demand growth. Demand for oil, natural gas and coal all grew in 2025, but at a slower rate than in 2024. Low-emissions sources combined – solar, wind, nuclear, hydropower and other renewables – contributed nearly 60% of the growth in global demand. Coal demand in 2025 grew only modestly above 2024 levels, rising by around 0.4%.
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