In the analysis, the authors link green hydrogen production costs with the cost and availability of renewable energy (RE) generation, which is measured by its capacity utilisation factors (CUFs). They also calculate the premium, if any, of using green hydrogen compared to energy-basis equivalent costs of fossil fuels for a range of applications.
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The paper “Clean Power for Industry in China: Policy Enablers for the Industrial Sector” by the World Economic Forum concludes that in the next decade, China is set to expedite industrial decarbonization, with the intention of shifting from controlling energy consumption and intensity to controlling carbon emissions and carbon intensity. In this process, the government could play a much more proactive role in identifying practical applications and boosting businesses’ confidence to participate.
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Public procurement in Indonesia accounts for a substantial portion of the government’s spending—over 45% in 2022. This corresponds to approximately 6.6% of the total nominal GDP, highlighting the potential of GPP to drive significant environmental, social, and economic benefits. GPP is already anchored in key national plans and strategies as a tool for fostering a sustainable transformation of the economy. Indonesia has also developed a framework of laws and regulations to support GPP. While there is a growing awareness and adoption of GPP in Indonesia, challenges remain.
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To overcome the financing difficulties in the early stages of climate technology development and to promote efficient capital flow and allocation, this report, based on the status of China’s climate technology development and investment market, focuses on the specific challenges faced by startups in climate technology investment and financing. It systematically analyzes the core influencing factors and proposes strategies from three dimensions — scientific modeling, platform development, and financial product innovation — to support the construction of a sustainable investment and financing ecosystem.
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As the energy transition accelerates, massive investment opportunities are emerging across multiple sectors. These are driven by the need to expand renewable energy capacity, improve energy and resource efficiency, and upgrade related infrastructure. This report “Energy transition investment outlook: 2025 and beyond” by KPMG tracks the investor perspective on the energy transition, emphasising the importance of increasing, sustained and collaborative investment. It explores how a wide range of forces (such as public policy, market dynamics, technological progress and financial innovations) drive investment.
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The residential sector will grow at the fastest pace within the rooftop solar space in the next few years. The residential rooftop solar market is becoming commoditised, and financers are establishing industry-wide tie-ups to offer a one-stop solution. PMSGY scheme will ensure a pan-India growth of residential rooftop solar, with a significant chunk of demand also from tier-2/3 cities and rural areas.
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Southeast Asia is a very dynamic region and a driving force behind global energy trends, with a projected rise in energy demand over the coming decades second only to India. Eight of the ten countries in Southeast Asia have net zero emissions goals: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore and Viet Nam have set a target date of 2050; Indonesia of 2060; and Thailand of 2065. Fossil fuels – led by coal – have met nearly 80% of Southeast Asia’s rising energy demand since 2010. At a time of heightened geopolitical tensions, energy security and affordability remain top priorities for Southeast Asia. The region’s energy future looks different from its past, but demand for all the major energy sources continues to rise in the STEPS.
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India has set an ambitious target of producing 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) of green hydrogen by 2030 with an aim to mitigate 50 million tonnes of CO2 and reduce energy imports by INR 1 lakh crore. Electrolysers play a critical role in the green hydrogen production process and constitute 30–50 per cent of the total cost of green hydrogen. The electrolyser market in India is expected to grow to 20 GW by 2030, 112 GW by 2040, and 226 GW by 2050. The report indicates that about 72 per cent of the PEM electrolyser manufacturing cost can be readily indigenised.
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This report discusses the role of wind in India’s energy landscape in 2030 and beyond. It highlights key development in the wind sector and their implications for the sector’s growth. The report examines the complementarity of wind and solar in India, demonstrating how their diurnal and seasonal patterns can work together to create a more balanced and reliable renewable energy grid. It also addresses how overcoming current challenges in wind energy could unlock further potential for India’s energy transition.
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The report “Vietnam: Renewable Energy Market” by The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and New Zealand Government summarises that Vietnam is strongly committed to the development of its renewable energy sector. Achievement of the government’s ambitious targets will require significant foreign investment. Reliable sources of renewable energy will attract investment in the manufacturing sector.
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This report suggests and interprets the cluster development model in light of the critical requirements for the widespread utilization of green hydrogen in industry, and the distribution of industrial capacities and availability of green hydrogen resources in China. Specifically, the report conducts techno-economic analysis of green hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization in industry, forming a foundation for achieving cost-efficiency when technically feasible during the cluster development process.
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The report recommends that Vietnamese businesses must proactively gather information and establish networks for CBAM compliance research. By sharing and leveraging information, businesses can develop effective strategies to not only meet international market demands but also achieve sustainable long-term growth. This not only helps businesses meet global standards but also creates opportunities for them to expand and grow their markets. From a governmental perspective, Vietnam holds a certain position in negotiating with other countries, and thus, various options need to be carefully considered.
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Maldives has significant renewable energy resources from solar and wind power. Multiple studies indicate that the use of renewable energy to complement diesel power generation in Maldives would reduce electricity production costs. The Government of Maldives has recognised the prospects of using the country’s large renewable energy resources to lower the cost of electricity generation, increase energy security while reducing import-related financial risks, and reduce the country’s GHG emissions. The report concludes that scaling up the use of hybrid solutions should be seriously explored particularly by SIDS, other isolated locations such as remote communities, as well as industries and mines using diesel-generator-based power systems.
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Pakistan’s current Distributed Generation and Net Metering Regulations offer incentives such as high buyback rates, fixed long-term generation licenses, and generous allowances for installed capacity. These have resulted in ideal payback periods, leading to a surge in net-metered rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity across the country. The current policy offers 2-4 year payback periods for 5-25 kilowatt (kW) net-metered solar PV systems. Power utilities are concerned that higher penetration of distributed solar could place the distribution infrastructure at risk of failure and increase capacity payments on non-net-metered consumers.
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Following the accelerated permitting of over 100 gigawatts (GW) of new coal power annually in 2022 and 2023, China has abruptly curtailed approvals for new coal power plants, approving just twelve projects totaling 9 GW in H1 2024, an 83% decline compared to H1 2023. New and revived proposals in H1 2024 totaling 37.4 GW are also trending lower than in H1 2023 (60.2 GW) and H1 2022 (47.8 GW), indicating a possible tapering of new project development – although not at the same pace as the permit slowdown. Since 2023, China has added over 400 GW of new solar and wind power, driving down China’s coal power generation by 7% from June 2023 to June 2024.
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This paper “Critical minerals for India’s clean energy transition” by World Resources Institute unpacks the meaning of the term “critical” in “critical minerals” by highlighting the vulnerabilities that affect the availability of these minerals in India. It maps the critical mineral scenario for India by examining the domestic vulnerabilities of India’s critical mineral supplies and unpacking the political economy of global mineral resource flows while contextualizing them for India’s energy transition.
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Investment in renewable energy in Indonesia has stagnated for the past seven years. In 2023, it attracted a mere US$1.5 billion, lagging far behind its Southeast Asian neighbors. Indonesia needs to attract US$146 billion in near-term renewable energy investment to meet the country’s 2030 climate target. Current policies and onerous contractual requirements towards solar and wind power raise costs and discourage private investment.
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This paper discusses the main opportunities and behavioural responses for reducing emissions, and commonly used mitigation instruments. It then considers key design issues for carbon pricing, with a focus on emissions trading schemes (ETS), describes measures to overcome the obstacles to carbon pricing, and discusses experiences with carbon pricing relevant for Asia-Pacific economies. Lastly, the paper covers complementary policy reforms, including reinforcing mitigation instruments, public investment, fuel tax reform, green industrial policies, and supporting reforms to the energy sector.
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There were no new permits for coal-based steelmaking projects in the first half of 2024 for the first time since China announced its ‘dual carbon goals’ in September 2020. China could cut 200 million tonnes of CO2 from the steel industry by 2025, which would be a 10% reduction compared to the highest emission levels up to now recorded in 2020 due to measures to cut steel output and increase scrap-based secondary steel from electric arc furnaces. China’s forecasted CO2 reductions of 200 million tonnes by 2025 are equivalent to the annual emissions from the EU’s steel sector.
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Recently, both Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have intensified their government policy focus on decarbonizing buildings. Uzbekistan’s government aims to improve the overall economy’s energy efficiency by 50% by 2030. In Kazakhstan, the national government targets a 15% reduction in the economy’s energy intensity by 2029 through prioritising energy efficiency in buildings.
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