Category: Knowledge Center Asia

Decoding the Coal-Power Transition in China: Report

Decoding the Coal-Power Transition in China: Report

August 1, 2025 | , ,

China’s success in renewables is complicated by its persistent reliance on coal in the power sector. This report examines the evolution of coal power in China, analyzing the policies and pricing mechanisms that shaped its development across different stages. Decoupling coal from power-demand growth and supply-security concerns is critical to decarbonizing China’s power sector. This report examines tailored strategies to achieve this decoupling, such as replacing coal as the dominating power generator by adding clean power generation, primarily from wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear, to outpace power-demand growth.

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Viet Nam’s Pathways for Carbon Neutrality: Report

Viet Nam’s Pathways for Carbon Neutrality: Report

July 25, 2025 | , ,

By integrating energy system modelling, technology assessments, and policy recommendations, this report provides structured guidance to support Viet Nam’s transition to a carbon-neutral economy whilst sustaining economic growth and ensuring long-term energy security. It employs a comprehensive energy system modelling approach to evaluate Viet Nam’s pathways towards carbon neutrality. The analysis addresses regulatory frameworks, infrastructure readiness, public acceptance, and economic viability.

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Energy Transition Opportunity for India: Report

Energy Transition Opportunity for India: Report

July 25, 2025 | , ,

India’s climate strategy embodies an ambitious vision that balances environmental stewardship with economic progress. Anchored by transformative policies and programmes, the country’s roadmap for renewable energy, biofuels, decarbonisation and sustainable infrastructure reflects its determination to address climate challenges at scale. This ambitious vision demands an infusion of US$1.5 trillion by 2030 across various areas. Targeted initiatives aim to democratise renewable energy access and foster growth. 

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Indonesia’s Electricity Supply Plan: Report

Indonesia’s Electricity Supply Plan: Report

July 18, 2025 | , ,

Indonesia’s new RUPTL 2025-2034 outlines a significant increase in power generation from coal and gas by 2034, up 40% from the 286 TWh realised in 2024. Compared to the targets in the previous RUPTL, fossil power generation is about 10% higher in 2030. On generation capacity, the new plan proposes to add 16.6 GW of new fossil power through 2034, signaling a continued reliance on fossil fuels. Meanwhile, renewables targets have been downgraded from RUPTL 2021-2030, from 20.9 GW in new clean power capacity additions by 2030 to 17.0 GW.

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BESS and Pakistan’s Electricity Grid: IEEFA Report

BESS and Pakistan’s Electricity Grid: IEEFA Report

July 10, 2025 | , , ,

Battery storage adoption is accelerating in Pakistan’s residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, driven by high electricity costs and declining solar component prices. Consumers are combining solar with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to reduce grid dependence, lower energy bills, and improve reliability. This trend is expected to continue as battery economics improve. Solar with BESS has a payback period of 3-5 years in Pakistan’s residential sector despite a 48% cost increase from surcharges and duties on lithium-ion batteries.

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Future of Pakistan’s Electricity Grid: Report

Future of Pakistan’s Electricity Grid: Report

July 4, 2025 | , ,

Battery storage adoption is accelerating in Pakistan’s residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, driven by high electricity costs and declining solar component prices. Consumers are combining solar with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) to reduce grid dependence, lower energy bills, and improve reliability. This trend is expected to continue as battery economics improve. Pakistan imported an estimated 1.25 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of BESS in 2024. Unmanaged BESS growth could destabilize Pakistan’s national grid by reducing demand and raising capacity payments.

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ASEAN’s Hydrogen and Ammonia Roadmap : Report

ASEAN’s Hydrogen and Ammonia Roadmap : Report

July 4, 2025 | , , ,

The ASEAN region stands at a critical juncture in its energy transition, facing rapidly growing energy demand and the pressing need to mitigate climate-change impacts. Hydrogen and ammonia present significant opportunities for AMS to decarbonise their economies, enhance energy security, and support the integration of renewable energy. This roadmap provides a structured approach for ASEAN to integrate hydrogen and ammonia into its energy system across three key phases: the short term (2025–2030), medium term (2031–2040), and long term (2041–2050).

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Investing in Southeast Asia’s Green Economy: Report

Investing in Southeast Asia’s Green Economy: Report

July 2, 2025 | , ,

International investment in clean energy is gaining momentum in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Since 2020, the number of international investment projects in clean energy in the region has increased by 15% per year on average. Using data from WRI, OCI and Lowy, China leads public investment, investing over USD 2.7 billion in clean energy in key ASEAN markets of Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam between 2013 and 2023. Breaking it down by renewable technology, Japan is the region’s biggest investor in geothermal and solar.

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Renewable Energy Finance in Bangladesh: Report

Renewable Energy Finance in Bangladesh: Report

June 27, 2025 | , ,

Bangladesh will require up to US$980 million annually until 2030 to meet the goal set out in the Renewable Energy Policy 2025. Post-2030, the country will need up to US$1.46 billion annually until 2040. Policy uncertainty, offtaker and currency risk, land acquisition challenges, and a downgraded sovereign rating may limit capital flows into the renewable energy sector in Bangladesh. A credit risk guarantee scheme, a dedicated green finance facility with scope for prefinance, and an import duty waiver on solar accessories can help accelerate the flow of finance for small-scale renewable energy projects. The country needs to create an enabling environment for investment in utility-scale projects through streamlined policy and regulations.

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Clean Energy for ASEAN’s Digital Growth: Report

Clean Energy for ASEAN’s Digital Growth: Report

May 30, 2025 | , , , ,

This report by EMBER concludes that ASEAN’s data centre industry is expanding rapidly, driven by global digitalisation trends like cloud computing and generative AI. This growth, while critical for the region’s digital economy, is fuelling a sharp rise in electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions due to heavy reliance on fossil fuel-based grids. This poses a significant threat to ASEAN’s energy transition agenda, risking setbacks of power sector decarbonisation. Governments should place the issue of sustainability, especially the energy transition, at the forefront of efforts to achieve a digital leap and transform national economies.

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Expanding US-India Energy Security Partnership: Report

Expanding US-India Energy Security Partnership: Report

May 16, 2025 | , , , ,

The report “A Blueprint To Advance The U.S.-India Energy Security Partnership” by ORF America summarises that energy security remains a cornerstone of the U.S.-India partnership, being vital for economic growth and national security. A U.S.-India Energy and Industrial Partnership should involve deploying energy technologies at scale, reducing concentrations in energy supply chains and manufacturing, and strengthening both the domestic industrial base and industrial corridor between the two countries.

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Southeast Asia’s Green Economy: Report

Southeast Asia’s Green Economy: Report

May 9, 2025 | , ,

Southeast Asia (SEA) stands at a pivotal juncture in its green transition. Over the past decade, the region has demonstrated growing ambition, heightened awareness, and early decisive steps toward sustainable development. Yet, progress has been uneven—and with only five years remaining to meet the critical 2030 climate targets, SEA is not yet on track to fulfill its climate pledges. This report explores pathways for SEA to enter the next phase of its green transition—one centered on value creation, where decarbonization must unlock economic competitiveness, job creation, and energy resilience. 

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APAC Energy Transition Readiness Assessment: Report 

APAC Energy Transition Readiness Assessment: Report 

May 2, 2025 | , , ,

The energy transition readiness assessment (ETRA) framework provides a structured, data-driven, and forward-looking approach to evaluate and analyze the readiness of developing Asian countries for energy transition. Most developing Asian countries require significant efforts to close the energy transition gaps to enable an effective transition, yet the readiness landscape is varied, indicating distinct opportunities and challenges among countries. Developing Asia’s energy transition readiness will be determined, in part, by the quality of its energy infrastructure, its ability to handle climate shocks, the flexibility of its power system, and readiness for digital solutions.

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Role of Green Hydrogen in Indian Steel Sector: Paper

Role of Green Hydrogen in Indian Steel Sector: Paper

April 10, 2025 | , , ,

Analysis in the whitepaper shows, under India’s 2070 net zero scenario, the green H2-DRI and electric arc furnace (EAF) route is expected to contribute 13% of the projected 403 MMTPA crude steel output by FY50, growing to 41% of 597 MMTPA by FY70. Green hydrogen demand in the steel sector is expected to grow at a 13% CAGR, reaching 15.15 MMTPA by FY70. In the accelerated net-zero 2050 scenario, H2-DRI steelmaking route shall contribute to 39% of the crude steel production with green hydrogen demand of 9.82 MMTPA by FY50.

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China’s Zero Emission Truck Market: Paper

China’s Zero Emission Truck Market: Paper

April 3, 2025 | , , ,

This overview of China’s zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicle (ZE-MHDV) market covers medium and heavy straight trucks, tractor-trailers above 3.5 tonnes, and city buses and coaches. Sales of ZE-MHDVs in China spiked twice in the last decade: the first in 2015–2016, underpinned by government subsidies, and the second in 2024, with a historical high of more than 230,000 sales. Sales of ZE-MHDVs boomed in Q4, thanks to a strong macroeconomic stimulus package released by the Chinese government in September. 

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GX Green Transformation in Japan: Report

GX Green Transformation in Japan: Report

March 20, 2025 | , ,

Climate Bonds has identified three key policy opportunities for Japan in the coming year. First, enhancing national energy security by leveraging renewable energy to drive regional revitalization. Second, asserting global leadership by providing innovative solutions for the energy transition. Finally, positioning Tokyo as Asia’s leading hub for transition finance to attract investments and accelerate the green transformation.

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China Energy Update: Briefing

China Energy Update: Briefing

March 7, 2025 | , , , ,

China added 79.3 GW of wind capacity in CY2024, 18% of the total new capacity, +5% y-o-y. Like with solar, China represented ~60% of global wind capacity additions in CY2024. December saw China install 28.5 GW of new wind, 25% of the month’s newly installed capacity. 14.4 GW of hydropower capacity was added in CY2024, representing 3% of total new capacity, a 79% y-o-y growth. 3.9 GW of nuclear capacity was added to the grid in CY2024, representing 1% of the total new added capacity, a 184% increase on 2023.

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Achieving 500 GW of Renewables in India: EMBER

Achieving 500 GW of Renewables in India: EMBER

February 28, 2025 | , , , , ,

This report “Navigating risks to unlock 500 GW of renewables by 2030” by EMBER highlights key challenges in India’s renewable energy (RE) sector that could increase the cost of capital, potentially hindering the sector’s growth. Addressing these risks through targeted policy measures, innovative contracting mechanisms and proactive expectation management is crucial for maintaining a steady flow of investments. Collaborative efforts from project developers, financiers and policymakers will be indispensable in mitigating these risks and ensuring the successful realisation of India’s ambitious RE targets.

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China’s Green Power Procurement Market Outlook: Report

China’s Green Power Procurement Market Outlook: Report

February 28, 2025 | , ,

In pursuit of the overarching target of accelerating the construction of the New Power System, China’s installed capacity of wind and solar power has sustained rapid growth. By the end of the third quarter of 2024, the total installed capacity of wind and solar power reached 1.25 TW, exceeding the 2030 target ahead of schedule and surpassing the installed capacity of coal power. Meanwhile, power market reforms have been advancing steadily, which has prompted corporations to improve their green power procurement strategies and actively seize opportunities. The ability of spot markets to effectively discover energy prices has been further enhanced.

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Decarbonising Indonesia’s Transport Sector: Paper

Decarbonising Indonesia’s Transport Sector: Paper

February 19, 2025 | , ,

Indonesia pledged its target of net-zero emissions by 2060 or sooner as part of global efforts to curb the negative impacts of climate change. In achieving the net-zero target, the transportation sector, as the second-largest emissions contributor in Indonesia, needs to be transformed so that the emissions trajectory from the transport sector is aligned with a net-zero pathway. This paper “Roadmap to zero: The pace of Indonesia’s electric vehicle transition” by  International Council On Clean Transportation outlines the key steps and milestones necessary for achieving Indonesia’s goal of decarbonizing its transport sector.

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