Category: Knowledge Center Europe

Security of EU Electricity Supply: Report

Security of EU Electricity Supply: Report

January 23, 2026 | , ,

Security of electricity supply remains essential for the EU Energy Policy and is closely intertwined with EU’s economic competitiveness. This Monitoring Report is situated in the context of the ongoing revision of the EU energy security architecture initiated by the European Commission and supported by the European Parliament. Enhanced cross-border coordination could decrease the additional capacity to be installed by up to 70%. Regional and cross-sectoral cooperation on risk preparedness crucial for security of supply.

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UK Energy Trends: Paper

UK Energy Trends: Paper

January 16, 2026 | , ,

Total primary energy consumption for energy uses fell by 3.6 per cent, with record low quarterly demand from nuclear generators the main driver for the fall in consumption. In the third quarter of 2025 dependency on fossil fuels was 72.6 per cent, up 0.5 percentage points on the same quarter of 2024. The low carbon share was 23.6 per cent in the third quarter of 2025, down 0.7 percentage points on the same quarter of 2024, due to the fall in nuclear output. 

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Ireland’s Energy Future: Report

Ireland’s Energy Future: Report

January 9, 2026 | , ,

This report assesses the outlook for Ireland’s energy security to 2035, drawing on international experience and detailed power system modelling developed with EirGrid, Ireland’s transmission system operator. There is a clear need to establish a unified cross-sectoral energy strategy to set a vision that guides this transition, supported by a detailed security study on the electricity supply mix. Ireland can build on its progress in power system transformation to set an example of secure integration of large shares of variable renewable generation while safeguarding energy security.

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Electricity Trade and Grid Congestion Management in EU: Report

Electricity Trade and Grid Congestion Management in EU: Report

January 2, 2026 | , ,

A highly integrated internal electricity market, facilitating the efficient exchange of electricity across borders, is crucial for the EU’s decarbonisation efforts and for guaranteeing the security of electricity supply. In a context of rapidly developing renewable technologies, the timely expansion of electricity transmission infrastructure, through both new build-out and non-wire alternatives, and the maximisation of cross-zonal trading possibilities across the EU are key to the completion of the internal market for electricity. This report presents a series of analyses exemplifying the importance of maximising cross-zonal trade for the well-functioning of the EU internal market for electricity.

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ENTSO-E’s Market Report

ENTSO-E’s Market Report

December 26, 2025 | , ,

The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) released its latest report reviewing progress in capacity allocation and congestion management mechanisms between June 2024 and May 2025. The report details ongoing efforts to strengthen Europe’s interconnected electricity system, aiming to enhance efficiency, reliability, and market integration under the Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management and Forward Capacity Allocation Regulations. The report notes that the summer of 2024 saw relatively low electricity prices due to strong nuclear, hydro, and renewable generation.

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Czechia Energy Policy Review: Report 

Czechia Energy Policy Review: Report 

December 19, 2025 | , ,

Czech Republic (Czechia) aims to phase out coal at an almost unprecedented pace. The transition from its fossil fuel legacy can be a springboard to building a vibrant clean energy economy. Updating Czechia’s suite of energy strategies is a pressing priority, as is ensuring their collective coherence. Scaling up renewables and enhancing system flexibility are critical to phasing out coal, meeting climate targets and ensuring energy security. Commendable reforms are now streamlining project approvals and enabling community investment schemes.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Trends in EU: Report

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Trends in EU: Report

December 12, 2025 | , ,

EU has reduced its GHG emissions by more than one-third compared with 1990, while its economy has continued to grow substantially. Renewable energy now supplies a quarter of gross final energy consumption and almost half of electricity, while final energy demand has declined. These developments demonstrate that climate action is delivering and that structural change towards a clean transition is well underway. However, the reality is increasingly sobering as climate impacts intensify.

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Decarbonisation in Bulgaria: Report

Decarbonisation in Bulgaria: Report

November 28, 2025 | , ,

According to Bulgaria’s latest update to its National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) submitted in 2025, under the WEM (With Existing Measures) scenario, Bulgaria’s net GHG emissions are projected to decline by 46% by 2030 compared to 2022, or 73% compared to 1988, reaching 26.19 MtCO2-eq. By 2050, emissions are projected to fall further to 17.73 MtCO2- eq, representing an 82% reduction from 1988 levels. Under the WAM scenario, net GHG emissions are projected to decrease by 82% by 2030 compared to 1988, achieving net zero by 2050.

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ENTSO-E Report on Flexibility from RE Sources

ENTSO-E Report on Flexibility from RE Sources

November 21, 2025 | , ,

The report concludes that integrating RES into the electricity system is more important than ever to ensure the efficient attainment of decarbonisation targets while safeguarding the reliability of the European power grid. This requires flexibility, not only during a possible dunkelflaute but also when high RES generation potential meets low demand. In addition to the use of load-side flexibility and storage, RES must also contribute to system security in these situations. 

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UK-EU Energy and Climate Relations: Briefing

UK-EU Energy and Climate Relations: Briefing

November 12, 2025 | , ,

This briefing provides background on energy and climate provisions in the UKEU Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), developments in UK-EU cooperation on energy and climate since the UK left the EU, and the main outcomes of the May 2025 UK-EU summit. Then covers energy and lays down requirements on competitive energy markets and arrangements for the trading of energy through gas and electricity interconnectors. 

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Building EU’s Clean Industrial Future: Report

Building EU’s Clean Industrial Future: Report

October 30, 2025 | , ,

Decarbonising heavy industry sectors, especially ammonia, aluminium, cement, and steel, is critical to meet the EU’s proposed 90% net Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions reduction target by 2040, and climate neutrality by 2050. It is also a strategic economic imperative, supplying critical inputs to downstream sectors. Reducing their exposure to volatile fossil fuel markets by accelerating their transition will be vital to safeguarding Europe’s industrial resilience, competitiveness and longterm prosperity

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Wind Market Trends in Europe: Report

Wind Market Trends in Europe: Report

October 17, 2025 | , , ,

Europe installed 6.8 GW of new wind power capacity in the first half of 2025. 5.3 GW of this was in the EU-27. 89% of the new capacity was onshore. Germany built the most wind energy in H1 2025 (2.2 GW), followed by Spain (889 MW) and the UK (760 MW). Europe now has 291 GW of wind power capacity. 254 GW of this is onshore and 37 GW offshore. The EU now has 236 GW of wind power capacity: 215 GW onshore and 21 GW offshore. Europe took €34bn worth of Final Investment Decisions in new wind farms in H1 2025.

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Europe’s Environment and Climate: Report

Europe’s Environment and Climate: Report

October 10, 2025 | , ,

Europe is warming twice as fast as the global average, with extreme weather events driven by climate change impacting people′s lives across Europe today. This report provides a comprehensive picture of the environment, climate and sustainability available in Europe, building on data from across 38 countries. Overall, important progress is taking place within climate change mitigation, while  there is mixed progress around reducing pollution and transitioning towards the  circular economy.

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Politics to Shape EU Budget and Climate Path: Briefing

Politics to Shape EU Budget and Climate Path: Briefing

September 19, 2025 | , ,

The European Commission’s newly proposed EU budget is about to step into a tense two-year negotiation process. Straddled with great expectations, the proposal is not much bigger than its predecessor and does little to close Europe’s investment gap. Yet, it also puts on the table a major architectural overhaul that delivers agility in exchange for giving EU capitals greater weight in EU spending. Within this restructuring, climate action retains a 35% foothold but faces a new set of challenges and opportunities as the budget and its stated objectives are set to undergo a lengthy debate.

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Electricity Generation Trends in Central Europe: Report

Electricity Generation Trends in Central Europe: Report

September 15, 2025 | , ,

This report examines electricity generation trends in Central European countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) from 2019 to 2024, with insights from 2025. The report shows that solar generation in the region grew faster than the EU average, while coal power declined, though progress varied between countries. The report analyses the uptake of battery storage and other flexibility technologies until today, presenting successful examples from the region.

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State of EU Progress to Climate Neutrality: Report

State of EU Progress to Climate Neutrality: Report

September 5, 2025 | , ,

The EU has initiated an economy-wide transition to climate neutrality by 2050. While many important on-the-ground developments have accelerated compared to last year’s assessment, the current pace of the transition is still not fast enough. Investments are lagging, underscoring the need for targeted policy adjustments to provide certainty for businesses and citizens alike. Speeding up the shift to a clean economy is also fundamental to Europe’s long-term competitiveness and security.

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EV Market in Denmark, Sweden and Finland: Paper

EV Market in Denmark, Sweden and Finland: Paper

August 29, 2025 | , , ,

This market spotlight focuses on the electric vehicle (EV) markets in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland, which rank among the leaders in Europe in terms of EV shares of new passenger car registrations. The spotlight highlights key trends in EV adoption and examines policy measures and market characteristics that are likely to shape EV uptake in these countries.

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International Cooperation for Germany’s Green Transition: Brief

International Cooperation for Germany’s Green Transition: Brief

August 21, 2025 | , ,

Germany and the EU cannot shape their own decarbonisation and an effective response to climate change in isolation. Partnerships and international cooperation beyond the EU are essential to safeguard prosperity, competitiveness, and security. This briefing outlines strategic action the German government can take in its foreign relations to strengthen Europe and act effectively on a global scale. 

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Energy Transition in European Arctic Regions: Report

Energy Transition in European Arctic Regions: Report

August 8, 2025 | , ,

To advance the green transition, NSPA regions should further increase investments in renewable energy, promote circular economy  practices, and foster innovation in green technologies. Additionally, cross-border collaboration among  Nordic countries: Finland, Norway, and Sweden can create synergies, scale local solutions, and  facilitate the spread of low-carbon practices across these countries and the European Union. The report concludes that unlocking the full potential of the NSPA requires a comprehensive and integrated approach that harnesses the region’s natural resources and technological innovation.

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SAF Policy Framework in UK and EU: Report

SAF Policy Framework in UK and EU: Report

August 1, 2025 | , ,

In pursuit of aviation decarbonisation, both the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) have adopted mandates on the use of so-called ‘sustainable aviation fuels’ (SAF): under ‘ReFuelEU Aviation’ and the ‘UK SAF Mandate’ respectively. These regulations set ambitious targets to be fulfilled by aviation fuel suppliers; but given the expected high cost of SAF and the immature state of the industry, it is far from certain that sufficient fuel production capacity will be developed in time to hit near-term targets. It is anyway likely that there will be political pressure to reduce long-term targets. 

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