Why underground hydrogen storage in Europe matters for a low-carbon energy system?
Europe’s energy system is entering a decisive transformation. Energy storage is therefore increasingly critical. Short-duration options smooth intraday variability and support hourly and daily balancing. But when imbalances last beyond roughly 8–10 hours, direct electricity storage hits technical and economic limits. At that point, only large-scale, long-duration storage can cover overnight, multi-day, or seasonal stress events. Until now, underground gas storage has been the primary source of large-scale system resilience, and it continues to play a critical role. In a low-carbon system, underground hydrogen storage will take over this role, delivering long-duration flexibility with clean molecules.
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